![]() ![]() For coarse GCM simulations, cumulus parameterization (CP) implicitly accounts for subgrid-scale precipitation, parameterizing a portion of the TCs secondary circulation, degrading its realism and impacting TC intensity as well (e.g., Davis and Bosart 2002). Recently, GCM projections with grid spacings of less than 30 km have provided evidence for increasing TC intensity in a warmed climate (e.g., Oouchi et al.īecause of these limitations, tropical disturbances in these models are often referred to as being “TC like” in that the modeled storms are larger in size and weaker than those observed. 2007) however, still higher resolution is required to reproduce observed TC intensities. Social Sciences Identifiers URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-4642 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.06.004 ISI: 000504514600020 PubMedID: 31427212 Local ID: 30638 OAI: oai:DiVA.(2007) specifically found that model projections with increased resolution predicted a larger increase in the frequency of intense TCs in future climates, highlighting the need for high-resolution models, with explicit convection, in studies of future TC intensity change. 141-145Ĭomparative policy analysis, Drug policy, Drug seizures, Illicit drug control, Nordic region National Category Place, publisher, year, edition, pagesElsevier, 2019. Denmark is still comparatively lenient to users when considering high cannabis prevalence rates and Norway has taken the position as the strictest country on all control intensity measures. The disparity between the extremes of low control intensity in Finland and high intensity in Sweden has been reduced. Accounting for cannabis prevalence rates changes the ranking of enforcement intensity in the countries.ĭrug control intensity in the Nordic countries has harmonized over time. Sixty to seventy percent of all seizures in every country was for cannabis. Sweden reduced overall intensity by 57 percent, which decreases the level for the region by 22 percent. Norway increased by 18 percent and is currently the country with the highest enforcement intensity. Finland increased intensity by 176 percent but remained at the lowest level in the region. Standard bivariate tests for statistical significance are used to compare control intensity over time and between countries.Ĭompared to an earlier period from the late 1980s to the early 1990s, Denmark maintained the level of drug seizures to population from 2000 to 2016. The four countries are compared on three measures: seizure numbers relative to total population, seizures numbers by type of drug relative to population, and cannabis seizures relative to the number of annual cannabis users. This study uses data collated by the EMCDDA to examine drug control intensity from 2000 to 2016. Prior research has described how Nordic control policies became more repressive after this, but no research has examined this claim using the intensity of implementation as a measure. From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, Sweden and Norway were the most restrictive countries. ![]() The Nordic countries - Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden - have traditionally had different approaches to drug control policies. 141-145 Article in journal (Refereed) Abstract
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